Thursday 12 February 2015

MGM operettas are back - 1963-1964

I was born in 1949 and grew up in the 1950s in a small city called Marilia, 465 km west of the capital city of Sao Paulo. I grew up watching at least 2 featured American films a week. We kids went to Sunday 'matinees' from 1:00 to 5:00 pm at Cine Marilia. In the programme there were the usual 'jornal-da-tela' (newsreels), trailers of coming attractions, then 2 full-length films which could be a 'farwest' aka westerns, adventure flicks or comedies. US comedians Oliver & Hardy (Gordo & Magro), Charlie Chaplin, Mexico's Cantinflas or Tin Tan, Brazil's Mazzaroppi, Oscarito & Grande Otelo or even France's Fernandel and Italy's Totò. Musicals were seldom shown at kid's sessions.  

When I was 11 years old my family moved to the big city and I had to adapt to a new reality. There was no more Sunday kids's matinee. Now, one had to buy a newspaper and choose which films to go and see. There were double-feature cinemas downtown and at the suburbs too. The best thing about being in a big city was that films were shown non-stop the whole day through. You could watch your favourite film twice or even more. 

My Mother was born in 1919, in a rural area of São José do Rio Pardo-SP but her family moved to Marilia-SP in late 1927, when she was 8 years old. In the new town her older brothers Luiz (born 1905), Octavio (1908), João (1911) and later Valdemar (1921) who were young adults started working - at different times - at Cine São Luiz - the only movie-theatre in town - as movie-projector-operators, ticket-sellers or ticket-checking man at the door. That meant my Mother could go to the movies every single day if she chose to. She sometimes went to the movies more than once a day and that gave her a huge knowledge about movies in general.

Mother married my Father on 18 May 1945, and gradually left off going to the movies until she realized she didn't miss them. 

I knew I loved movies and this love-affair could only grow. I remember my life changed after I saw William Wyler's 1939's 'Wuthering Heights' in March 1963. I found out I loved the old black-and-white movie atmosphere and pined for all its stars. After watching an old American movie I would run back home to talk to Mother and ask her as many questions as possible about those plots and stars. Then, I would resort to my meager collection of 'Cinelandia' and 'Filmelandia' magazines to know more about the Golden Years of Hollywood. I kept my eyes open for any 1930s or 1940s movie that would eventually be re-released in town. 

In January 1964, Cine Metro announced it was going to show a Super Festival de Operetas Inesquecíveis (Unforgettable Operettas) which had just been shown in Rio de Janeiro a couple of months before. I was really anxious. But nothing would compare to the sheer ecstasy I was taken into when I saw the first scenes of Ernst Lubisch's 'Merry Widow' on 15 January 1964.
Cine Metro would show one operetta each Wednesday. I asked my employer to leave work half-an-hour earlier so that I'd be able to get there on time. I would get on a bus on rua Theodoro Sampaio in Pinheiros and get to Cine Metro on Avenida São João in time to get the 6:00 pm session. I just made it on time the 6 times. I remember I usually got to Cine Metro's lobby 5:55 pm, just in time to see the eager crowd waiting for the 4:00 pm session to end. They were mostly older people wearing their best attire. One could feel the smell of French perfume. I realized most of them were married couples who must have had their courtship 25 years earlier while going out to see one of those operettas. 

As soon as the big doors opened the crowd rushed into the auditorium but in an orderly fashion and in less than a minute everyone was at their seat and soon after the lights dimmed... just like at Theatro Municipal. I felt good because the atmosphere was magical. And magical would be the next 2 hours of sheer enjoyment. 

'The merry widow' with the amazingly beautiful Jeanette MacDonald was the proper film to open the Festival. Ernst Lubitsch's 'touch' was all one needed to get into the magical groove. Franz Lehar's music did the rest. 

I soon realized I had found out something extremely beautiful... and waited with baited breath for next Wednesday when my 'crunch' on Jeanette would only intensify with 'Naughty Marietta'. The music by Victor Herbert was marvelous with 'Ah! sweet mystery of life', 'Italian street song' and Nelson Eddy's amazing rendition of 'I'm falling in love with someone'.

The 3rd Wednesday was (for me) the highest peak of the Festival... 'Maytime' (Primavera) has got all the ingredients of a great movie... and a great theme song for one to leave the theatre humming it for the next seven days: Sigmund Romberg's 'Will you remember (Sweetheart)'. Everyone left the theatre wiping tears off their eyes. Old opera singer Marcia Mornay (Miss MacDonald heavily made up to seem to be in her eighties) tells the story of her life to a young hopeful lover... that started in May and ended dreadfully some winter night... the film plot ends in May too. John Barrymore plays Nikolai Nazaroff... the dark force.

After watching 'Maytime' any movie would be a let-down... 'Balalaika' with Nelson Eddy and Hungarian Ilona Massey as a complete anti-climax. The costumes were good but who wants to know about Russian emigrés?

As the next Wednesday approached I was afraid of having another disappointment. 'Firefly' (O vagalume) is not exaclty heaven but it's better to have Jeanette on the big screen than not. Besides, Allan Jones is a nice face and a fantastic singer... actually Allan's rendition of 'The donkey serenade' is the best part of the flick.

The 6th Wednesday brought me two big surprises in 'The Great Waltz' (A grande valsa): the loveliness of beautiful Austrian actress Luise Rainer and the sheer exuberance of Polish coloratura soprano Miliza Korjus. Belgian actor Fernand Gravet plays Johann Strauss composing away his magnificent waltz.
Baron Maurice de Rothschild (2nd from left) pays a visit to the set of 'The Merry Widow' and has a photo opportunity with Maurice Chevalier, Jeanette MacDonald and director Ernst Lubitsch.
The widow before being merry... and afterwards when  she starts going to Maxim's.
Rio de Janeiro showed the Operetta Festival during November & December 1963 while Sao Paulo showed it in January and February 1964. Look at the word 'saudosista' (those who long for something in the past) in the ad which did not have a negative connotation as it's got today (2015).
15 January 1964 - 'The merry widown' had been shown in Rio on 6 November 1963, and now was back at Cine Metro-Copacabana and Cine Metro-Tijuca plus Cine Metro in S.Paulo too.

This is what OESP columnist wrote about 'The Merry Widow' (daily 'O Estado de S.Paulo' 12 January 1964):  'A viuva alegre' de Lubitsch, ou seja, a melhor 'Viuva alegre' de que o cinema tem conhecimento. Não obstante as eternas intrigas da oposição estética, que a acusaram, ao mesmo tempo de ... e fantasmagórica. Trata-se pura e simplesmente da impermeabilidade do celebre 'touch' do cineasta... de sua formação expressionista para se manifestar de todas as maneiras até mesmo num entrecho austro-húngaro como este da opereta de Lehar. O script tem a valorizá-lo as assinaturas de Ernest Vajda e Samson Raphaelson, dois colaboradores do cineasta de 'Angel' (Anjo) de 1937 e 'The shop around the corner' (A loja da esquina) de 1941. 'A viuva alegre' foi aqui exibida pela 1a vez em junho de 1935, nos extintos cinemas Odeon e Rosário; depois reprisada em fevereiro de 1940 no Cine Metro e em 1944 no Cine Roxy.
20 November 1963 (Rio-Metro-Passeio) - 22nd January 1964 (S.Paulo) - 'Naughty Marietta (Oh, Marieta!).
27 November 1963 (Rio-Metro-Passeio) - 29 January 1964 (S.Paulo) - 'Maytime' (Primavera).
11 December 1963 (Rio-Metro-Passeio) - 12 February 1964 (S.Paulo) - 'The firefly' (O vagalume).
18 December 1963 (Rio-Copacabana-Tijuca) - 23 February 1964 (S.Paulo) 'The great waltz' (A grande valsa).
Fiery Polish soprano Miliza Korjus and suave Austrian beauty Luise Rainer vie for the attention of Johann Strauss (Fernand Gravat) in 1939's 'The Great Waltz'.
28 June 1964 - The operettas were back again at the beginning of July 1964. This time they were shown not only at Cine Metro but the whole MGM network which consisted of Cine Marachá, Lins, Graúna, Haway, Jamor and Cine Jardim at Rua Fradique Coutinho in Pinheiros. On top of those MGM added Cine Atlas, Icaraí and Cine Lido. 

21st July 1963 - 'Correio da Manhã' - Brazilian journalist Gilberto Souto writes beautifully about the time he used to live in Los Angeles, California (from 1931 to 1936). Gilberto worked for 'Cinearte' a movie magazine started in Rio de Janeiro in 1926 by Adhemar Gonzaga & Mario Behring - it lasted until July 1942. Gilberto Souto already knew in July that MGM was planning to release its Opereta Festival in November.

Quando Jeanette MacDonald visitou São Paulo durante dos festejos do IV Centenário da cidade em 1954, muitos a conheceram, achando-a, sem dúvida, mulher das mais encantadoras, e com o mesmo ar de grande dama conhecido dos que a tinham visto em seus primeiros filmes. No Rio a sua visita foi menos demorada, mas seus antigos fãs puderam apreciar-lhe a beleza - que resistia ao tempo - e dela tiveram gentil acolhida. Em meio a folia do Carnaval, no baile do Copacabana Palace, na mesa das estrêlas, ainda brilhava, ao lado dos mais novos. O seu tempo, a bem dizer, havia passado, mas no palco de concertos, continuava, então, tão famosa quanto o fôra na tela, desde que Ernst Lubitsch a convidara a aparecer em 'The love parade' (Alvorada do amor), comédia musica que lhe abriu em Hollywood, uma carreira das mais brilhantes.

Há tempos, vimos recebendo cartas pedindo um artigo sobre Jeanette MacDonald. Nem todos sabem que não foi o cinema o único meio de expressão artística para Jeanette; antes aparecera no palco, depois de sérios estudos de canto e, ao mesmo tempo que surgia em filmes, durante várias temporadas, correu a Europa em 'tournée', gravava discos, e preparava-se para a arte lírica, sua grande paixão. Não foi, portanto, apenas a encantadora estrêla, envôlta em leves negligées, despertando em luxuosas camas, espreguiçando-se, bocejando, para, logo a seguir, dar-nos deliciosa canção. Lubitsch assim a lançou e, durante sua carreira, por diversas vezes, ela repetiu esta cena. Na vida real, mulher alguma, jamais, de manhãzinha, pôde ser tão atraente.
Jeanette MacDonald in Ernst Lubitsch’s 'One hour with you' (1932).

Muitos hão de indagar o porque do título: "Em breve, MacDonald": pois digo-lhes logo que Jeanette, em boa hora, voltará em reprises de seus grandes sucessos na MGM: 'The merry widow' (A viúva alegre), 'Naughty Marietta' (Oh Marieta), 'Maytime' (Primavera) e 'The firefly' (O vagalume).

Seus antigos admiradores receberão, sem dúvida, a notícia, com prazer; os novos, porém, veremos que acolhida lhe darão, já que parecem refratários ao gênero, a filmes em que canções cortam o fio da história. Esse gênero já teve diversos ciclos, em Hollywood: nos primeiros anos dos 'talkies' com  'The love parade' (Alvorada do amor) 1929, 'The desert song' (A canção do deserto) 1929, 'Sally' 1929, 'Sunny' 1930, 'Viennese Nights' (Noites vienenses) 1930, 'Song of the flame' (A flama) 1930, 'New moon' (Lua nova) 1930, 'The smiling lieutenant' (O tenente sedutor) 1931, 'One hour with you' (Uma hora contigo) 1932, (Boêmios) etc.

Mas o publico é volúvel; e tais filmes acabaram por perder a aceitação, havendo uma pausa, até que Lou Brock o trouxe de volta com 'Flying down to Rio' (Voando para o Rio) 1934, em que apareciam o brasileiro Raul Roulien, Dolores Del Rio, Gene Raymond e uma dupla Fred Astaire & Ginger Rogers. Novamente, voltou o cinema a nos dar musicados, principalmente com Astaire & Rogers. A opereta é um gênero legítimo, mesmo em sua forma cinematográfica; em outros tempos, atraiu aos nossos velhos teatros grande público: ao Theatro Lírico (desaparecido), Theatro República (hoje studio cinematográfico), Palácio Theatro (agora, somente cinema) com as companhias de Cremilda de Oliveira, Palmira Bastos, Clara Weiss, Esperanza Iris, Léa Candini, Luiza Santanela, Alice Cocéa etc.

É preciso aceitar esses filmes pelo que são, como o faz agora, a nossa platéia, aplaudindo com entusiasmo 'Minha querida lady'. É provável que essa opereta, tão maravilhosamente vivida por Bibi Ferreira e Paulo Autran, venha a ser responsável pela futura aceitação de filmes do gênero, como será a temporada de reapresentações dos grandes sucessos de Jeanette MacDonald e Nelson Eddy. 

Quando cheguei em Hollywood, em fins de 1931, Jeanette MacDonald era a rainha da opereta cinematográfica, e, no Brasil, nome dos mais estimados, como já o tinha provado em 'Love parade', 'Monte Carlo', 'The vagabond king' (O rei vagabundo), 'The lottery bride' (A noiva 66) seu único filme para a United Artists. Infelizmente esse ultimo trabalho fracassou na bilheteria.

Lubitsch, inteligente e malicioso, tinha lançado-a no cinema, na Paramount, que enriqueceu com seus filmes. Nesse studio, ainda sob a direção do mestre, fez 'One hour with you', ao lado de Maurice Chevalier e Genevieve Tobin, e 'Love me tonight' (Ama-me esta noite) sob direção de Rouben Mamoulian, somente voltando a aparecer sob a tutela de Lubitsch, mais tarde, na MGM, em 'Merry widow', divertida adaptação da obra de Franz Lehar.

Foi com Jeanette MacDonald que fiz uma das primeiras entrevistas, em janeiro de 1932, tendo a estrêla ido ao studio, especialmente para conversar comigo, a fim que pudesse transmitir aos leitores de 'Cinearte' minhas impressões sobre sua pessoa.

Nesse dia, eu a vira chegar ao studio na companhia do compositor Oscar Strauss. Aliás, Gloria Swanson queria que ele transformasse o seu filme silencioso 'Queen Kelly', dirigido por Eric von Stromheim, e não terminado, em opereta, para enfrentar o sucesso do cinema falado. Tal, porém, não aconteceu.

Pois Jeanette recebe-me em seu camarim, estando com ela seu agente de negócios e, segundo se falava, seu noivo, Robert Ritchie. Em cima do piano, fotos: Lubitsch, Chevalier, Paul Stein, diretor de 'The lottery bride' e, na parede, um diploma de honra, oferecido pela mocidade de Paris, homenagem à sua presença aos Jogos Esportivos da Juventude da França.

Falou-me, então, de ter sido 'The lottery bride' ferozmente mutilada, com boas canções suprimidas, como também aludiu ao livro de Maurice Privat, escritor francês, que publicara uma série de invenções sobre ela, entre estas, a de que sua irmã lhe tomara o lugar, depois de sua morte misteriosa. Jeanette ficara furiosa: fôra a Paris cantar em teatros, ser vista, a fim de desmentir tamanha babozeira, para não aludir a outras mentiras escandalosas que o escritor ousara publicar.

Falou-me também de uma possível tournée pelo Brasil, chegando a me pedir músicas - o que lhe mandei depois - a fim de incluir alguma canção brasileira em seu repertório. Essa visita jamais foi feita, a não ser em 1954, como simples convidada do Festival de Cinema de São Paulo. Nesse tempo, já não fazia filmes, havia seis anos.

Voltamos a nos encontrar no bangalô-escritório de Irving Thalberg, na MGM, quando Chevalier assinou contrato para o papel de Danilo de 'Merry widow' (A viúva alegre), a ser dirigido por Ernst Lubitsch. A 'viúva', chegou-se a falar, ia ser Gloria Swanson, contratada pela Metro, mas que, nem aquele papel nem outro veio a fazer no studio do leão Leo. Boatos diziam que MacDonald andava brigada com Chevalier e Lubitsch, e que jamais trabalharia com nenhum deles; pura publicidade! Abraçaram-se, posaram para os fotógrafos e beberam juntos uma taça de champagne.
No dia em que posou comigo, Jeanette estava toda de negro, no papel da 'viúva'; sorridente, amável, gentil, tão fina e encantadora como antes. Ri-me bastante com Lubitsch; pulava, mexia com todos, e enchia o studio de negra fumaça. Era o maior fumante de charutos de toda Hollywood. Jeanette filmava, ao mesmo tempo, duas versões: em inglês e francês, pois fala ambos idiomas corretamente, além disso, o filme tinha algumas sequencias alteradas para o Reino Unido. Assim, o rei e a rainha passavam a ser primeiro-ministro e esposa, a fim de que a censura de Londres não recusasse o certificado de aprovação; na Inglaterra, rei e rainha eram sagrados, mas não sei se hoje, ainda existe tal controle.

Em 1940, quando Jeanette fazia 'New moon' (Lua nova), eu lhe levei a conhecer Bidu Sayão, naquela época, no auge de seu sucesso como cantora lírica. Mal sabia que Jeanette tanto a admirava. Desse encontro, nasceu uma grande amizade entre elas, não havendo Jeanette jamais deixado de comparecer a concertos, ou óperas em que Bidu tivesse cantado.

Em 1942, fêz 'Cairo', voltando a trabalhar somente em 1948, em dois filmes, sendo o ultimo 'The sun comes up' (O sol da manhã), com o menino Claude Jarman Jr. e a cadela Lassie. A sua fase no cinema passara. No palco, porém, continuou; chegou a cantar a opera 'Roméo et Juliette' com Armand Tokatyan em Montreal, Canada em 1943. Não a cantou em New York, porque, se bem a sua voz fosse excelente, talvez não tivesse à altura de um teatro, sob severa direção, como o Metropolitan. Em 18 de junho de 1963, fez 56 anos; e 26 de feliz casamento com Gene Raymond.
John Barrymore & Jeanette MacDonald in 'Maytime' (Primavera)
Nelson Eddy & Jeanette MacDonald in 1937's 'Maytime'

15 December 1963 - 'Correio da Manhã' journalist Gilberto Souto writes an article about Nelson Eddy when he realized that most young people (in late 1963) did not know much about the baritone that was back full on on the silver screen in 'Naughty Marietta', 'Maytime' and 'Balalaika' and had not been seen for 16 years.

Daily 'Correio da Manhã' was so much better than any newspaper from S.Paulo. Even though Rio de Janeiro had not been Brazil's capital for 3 years it still had a much better net of newspapers and magazines. Gilberto Souto wrote about his time in Hollywood when he heard about baritone singer Nelson Eddy in 1933, and then met him in the flesh in 1945 when he had the chance to inter-act with the him at Walt Disney's studios while dubbing a cartoon character in Disney's 'Make mine music'. Souto had gone to the studio to teach Eddy a few words in Brazilian-Portuguese the actor was supposed to say for the film Brazilian trailer. Souto said Nelson Eddy was most pleasant, confessing that he loved different languages and did his task in no time.

This is Mae Murray in Erich von Stroheim 1925's version of 'The merry widow'... a far cry from Ernst Lubitsch's glamorous extravaganza.
7 March 1965 - 'Correio da Manhã'; Gilberto Souto wrote this Sunday article about his favourite Jeanette MacDonald who had died on 14 January 1965. I started transcribing the article but half-way through it I realized it was based on fluffy Hollywood tales about MacDonald's life with Raymond. Times have changed a lot since then. I'd rather read what Wikipedia has posted.

Raymond and MacDonald had a rocky marriage, with Raymond physically and emotionally abusing MacDonald, and having affairs with men. This began on their honeymoon when MacDonald discovered Raymond in bed with Buddy Rogers, an actor-musician who was Mary Pickford's 3rd husband.

Rich was friends with MacDonald’s sister Blossom Rock and knew Raymond as well. Additionally interviewing over 200 people, many being personnel who had worked with MacDonald and Eddy, Rich reported that Raymond had been arrested three times, the first in January 1938, as verified by a court document, and also in England during his army service, for his behavior.

Raymond’s wedding to MacDonald, orchestrated by Louis B. Mayer forced MacDonald to become Raymond's beard and the 1938 arrest resulted in Mayer blacklisting him in Hollywood for almost two years. Film historian Jane Wayne and Loretta Young biographer Bernard F. Dick also have written about Raymond and Rogers' affair.

Biographer E. J. Fleming also alleged that Nelson Eddy had confronted Raymond for abusing MacDonald, who was visibly pregnant with Eddy’s child while filming 'Sweethearts' which ended with Eddy attacking him and leaving him for dead, disguised in the press as Raymond recovering from falling down the stairs.

Raymond was physically unable to father children and MacDonald alluded to this fact in her unfinished autobiography, writing that she returned from her Hawaii honeymoon with Raymond with the knowledge and accurate admittance that "The MacRaymonds had no children." Nevertheless MacDonald had additional later documented pregnancies while married to Raymond, all of which ended in miscarriage.
'Oddities of the Screen' at the Detroit's News, 18 March 1932, said: Jeanette MacDonald has a pet kitten which a small boy admirer threrw into her automobile in London. 

2 comments:

  1. Relato incrível! Parabéns. Meu TCC da faculdade de cinema foi sobre as operetas de Jeanette e Nelson. Se quiser ler me manda um e-mail: bernardoamin@hotmail.com. Abcs

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  2. Obrigado pelo comentário, Bernardo... já enviei um email a você, pois quero muito ler seu TCC...

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